Giovanna's Western Civ. Blog

Roman power spread to Judea, the home of the Jews, around 63 B.C. At first the Jewish kingdom remained independent, at least in name. Rome then took control of the Jewish kingdom in A.D. 6 and made it a province of the empire. According to biblical tradition, God had promised that a savior known as the Messiah would arrive and restore the kingdom of the Jews. historians believe that sometime around 6 to 4 B.C., a Jew named Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem in Judea. raised in the village of Nazareth in northern Palestine baptized by a prophet known as John the Baptist preached, taught, did good works, and reportedly performed miracles teachings contained many ideas from Jewish tradition, such as monotheism, or belief in only one god, and the principles of the Ten Commandments. emphasized God’s personal relationship to each human being.   stressed the importance of people’s love for God, their neighbors, their enemies, and even themselves God would end wickedness in th

Today, we had our test on Ancient Rome and to my luck it was open blog!! I was stressing because I stayed up till 1 AM trying to study while I was half asleep. I wasn't that confident with the material so when I came to class and heard it was open blog, it took so much weight off my shoulders. Without it being open blog I definitely would have failed but I think I did very well since we could use notes. I finished right as the bell rang because I took my time on every single question so I hope it pays off with a good grade.

Granted citizenship to people in provinces Expanded the Senate, adding his friends Created jobs for the poor, especially through public works projects Increased pay for soldiers Started colonies where those without land could own property “Sic semper tyrannis!” “Thus always to tyrants!” Why? The senators saw Caesar’s rise in power as a huge threat to their political viability How? They lured him into the Senate, stabbing him 23 times, making sure all were involved Who? Even Brutus, Caesar’s ally (“ et tu, Brute? ”) Senators were not punished Octavian was named Julius Caesar’s sole heir Basically, this is the end of the republic Julius Caesar’s grandnephew - and adopted son - Octavian takes over at the age of 18! with his own triumvirate Mark Antony is an experienced general Lepidus is a powerful politician This is the Second Triumvirate Octavian forces the weak Lepidus to retire He and Mark Antony become rivals Mark Antony

how do you keep the plebs happy (or at least keep them from revolting)? the poet Juvenal said Rome "anxiously hopes for two things bread and circuses" bread (free grain from state) and entertainment ( Circus Maximus, Colosseum) partly to keep them alive, and partly to keep them quiet, distracted, and docile Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebeians (even though he was ultimately unsuccessful)  military generals worked that angle- lead an army that conquers a land, then give them a share in the spoils. Soldier's loyalty was to their military leader not necessarily to Rome or the Republic. Julius Caesar (100- 44 BCE) Highly successful general he conquered the huge territory of Gaul made common folks happy made friends in high places Pompey ( a general who conquered Syria and Palestine) Crassus (richest man in Rome, one of the richest men in all history) these three men formed the first Triumvirate "rule of 3 men" "C

5000 soldiers, not in it for pay (not yet) The Roman army's elite heavy infantry Recruited exclusively from Roman Citizens Groups of eight's a century  On horseback is the century Shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE) Rome vs Carthage three wars First Punic War (264-241 BCE) Naval battles for control of the strategically located island of Sicily Rome wins this one Second Punic War (281-201 BCE) 29 year-old Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: take Rome Attacks Rome from the north after crossing Ibena (Spain) and the Alps Lays siege too much of the peninsula for 15 years, but he never can get Rome Third and final Punic War (149-146 BCE) Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of Carthage Scipio, Tiberius Gracchus, and other mercilessly attacked the city Carthage was burned for 17 days; the city's walls and buildings were utterly destroyed When the war ended, the last 50,000 people in the ci

Legal Code - Rome/US Twelve Tables publicly displayed gave rights to plebeians, not just aristocrats only protected free-born male citizens (not women) Bill of Rights - first ten amendments to the constitution free speech/press/religion bear arms no quartering no search and seizure  no self-incrimination right to fair trial jury trials no cruel or unusual punishment right to privacy and rights are assumed states have power where fed doesn't

democracy- the people's assembly and the tribunes aristocracy- the senate - 300 members monarchy- the consuls not a tyranny- eww.. too scary. A mistake the Romans did not care to repeat Government originally, the US modeled their new government on the model used by the ancient Romans is it exactly the same? not quite.... both have 3 branches of government executive legislative judicial both have a legal code Executive ~ Rome two consuls one year terms each has veto power controls the military could appoint a dictator in a crisis for a 6 month term  Executive ~ US President ( + VP) four year terms can veto proposed laws commander - in - chief of the military Legislative ~ Rome Senate - 300 people- aristocrats- member for life assemblies (centuriate or tribal) 193 members (later 373)- members for life Legislative ~ US Senate - 100 senators (two from each state)- six year terms House of Representatives - 435 members 55 from

Etruscans came from North- Central part of the peninsula metalworkers, artists, architects Two foundation myths Virgil's Aeneid where Aeneas escapes from Troy- sound familiar? Story of Romulus and Remus Greeks had Colonies around the Mediterranean Sea Romans borrowed ideas from them such as: religious beliefs alphabet  much of their art military techniques and weaponry  First Settlers Latin descendants of Indo- Europeans settled on the banks of Tiber river situated so trading ships- but not war fleets- could navigate as far as Rome, but no further a commercial port, but not susceptible to attack  and... build on 7 hills (especially Palatine) 7 Hills Remus wanted Aventine Romulus chose Palatine Rome is named after Romulus many streams flowed into Tiber River marshy area called the Forum between Palatine and Capitoline Hills Tarquin the Proud's grandfather built the Cloaca Maxima (Largest ancient drain) channeled water into

Today we went over our test to review the answers and argue some that we thought were incorrectly graded. The class was only 35 minutes due to our half day so we tried to get as much in as possible. This is really helpful for me so I can correct the ones I got wrong and understand why. There is one question that everyone got right but it was counted as wrong so we got 2 points for that. There was also two questions that we argued our side and got a point back for both. I didn't do very well on this test but hopefully I will do better on the Ancient Rome unit.

The city of Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus abandoned on the Tiber river as infants raised by a she-wolf Rome was built on 7 rolling hills at a curve on the Tiber river Midway between the alps and Italy's southern tip near midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea The First Romans earliest settlers arrived in prehistoric times (about 1000 - 500 BC) 3 groups inhabited the region and eventually battled for control Latins Greeks Etruscans Latins built the original settlement at Rome a cluster of wooden huts atop one of its 7 hills, Palatine Hill considered 1st Romans Greeks established colonies along Southern Italy and Sicily  became prosperous and commercially active brought Italy and Rome into closer contact with Greek civilization Etruscans - native to Northern Italy skilled Metalworkers and Engineers strongly influenced the development of Roman Civilization and Rome's architecture

500 BCE - A.D 500 Power and Authority Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people. Eventually, absolute rulers  called emperors seized power and expanded the empire. Empire Building At its height, the Roman Empire touched three continents (Europe, Africa, Asia). For several centuries, Rome brought peace and prosperity to its empire before its eventual collapse . Religion and Ethical Systems Out of Judea rose a monotheistic religion known as Christianity. Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond.